Method and composition for obtaining painted surfaces with grained and antiqued effects

ABSTRACT

GRAINED AND ANTIQUE FINISHES ARE OBTAINED BY APPLYING TO A SURFACE A PAINT CONTAINING A SUSPENSION OF THE PRINCIPAL PIGMENT IN A PAINT VEHICLE AND ALSO A SUSPENSION OF A SECONDARY PIGMENT CONTAINED IN A CARRIER WHICH IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH THE PAINT VEHICLE. THE INITIAL APPLICATION OF PAINT PROVIDES A COATING OF THE PRINCIPAL PIGMENT. PRESSURE IS THEN APPLIED TO THE WET PAINT TO BRING OUT THE SECONDARY PIGMENT AND PROVIDE A GRANINED AND ANTIQUE APPEARANCE.

United States Paten 3,600,346 METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR OBTAHNTNG PAINTED SURFACES WITH GRAIINED AND ANTllQ UElD EFFECTS Carmine A. Spatola, 465 Ocean Parkway Brooklyn, N.Y. 11218 No Drawing. Filed Feb. 12, 1969, Ser. No. 798,779 Int. Cl. (309d 3/48, 3/64, 5/28 US. Cl. 260-22R l 15 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Grained and antique finishes are obtained by applying to a surface a paint containing a suspension of the principal pigment in a paint vehicle and also a suspension of a secondary pigment contained in a carrier which is incompatible with the paint vehicle. The initial application of paint provides a coating of the principal pigment. Pressure is then applied to the wet paint to bring out the secondary pigment and provide a grained and antique appearance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention involves a new method of painting and a new paint composition. In particular, the present invention concerns a method of painting whereby the finished surface has a grained or antiqued appearance, and paint compositions useful therefor.

Finished surfaces with the grained appearance of expensive wood, and surfaces with an antique effect are much in demand for decorative purposes. Often, the finishing of raw wood objects, and the refinishing of old surfaces is undertaken by non-professionals, either as a hobby or as a means of decorating at low cost.

Many methods and compositions for antiquing wood surfaces are currently available on the market. These conventional methods usually require at least two and often three of four different coats of paint or glaze to obtain the desired decorative finish. Such complicated procedures take a considerable amount of time, since each coat of paint or glaze must be allowed to dry before applying the next layer. Further, in the known methods some special treatment, as for example sanding of a dry layer and wiping the Wet paint with gauze or other special graining technique is generally required for one or more of the layers of paint.

It is also frequently desirable to create decorative effects on metal surfaces, such as metal desks and cabinets and walls of concrete or plaster. Most metal objects which have a wood-like appearance are factory finished by processes which involve a baked enamel or laminated finish. There is no simple Way currently available for a householder to duplicate these surfaces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A principal object of the present invention is the provision of a simple procedure for obtaining a decorative painted surface with a grained and antique appearance. Another object of the present invention is the provision of a mehtod for obtaining a decorative painted surface having a grained and antique appearance by means of a single application of paint.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a paint composition, by means of which a grained or antique effect may be obtained by a particularly simple procedure.

Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a paint composition which may be applied to substantially any type of surface to provide a grained and antique effect thereon.

It has been found that surfaces having a decoratively 3,fi,3% Patented Aug. 117, 19711 pigment is then brought out under stress, creating a grained and antique effect.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The paint composition of the present invention may be applied to substantially any surface in the manner commonly used to apply ordinary paint. Thus, the present paint can be used on metal. surfaces, new and old wood surfaces, and plaster surfaces. The paint is applied by ordinary means such as spraying or brushing. After the initial application of paint, and while the paint is still wet, pressure is applied to obtain a grained effect. Thus, graining may be obtained by applying extra brush pressure to selected areas, whereupon the secondary pigment is brought out and a grained effect is obtained. A simple way to bring out the secondary pigment and achieve a grain effect is by repeated stroking of the areas to be grained or shaded with a brush, without redipping the brush in the paint. It is, of course, possible to apply pressure by means other than a brush. Techniques such as rubbing With a sponge, roller, or other material can be used to bring out the secondary pigment in a variety of ways.

The degree of graining is dependent on the amount of pressure applied. When a high degree of the secondary pigmentation is desired, brush stroking or other means of pressure stress is applied until the color of the secondary pigment has reached the desired tone.

The degree and amount of secondary pigment visible on the surface is particularly easy to control. Thus, if it is found that too much of the secondary pigment has been brought out, this can be corrected simply by the application of additional paint. The desired finish is normally obtained in this way that is, by applying the paint and then brushing the wet paint without redipping the brush until the desired degree of graining has been obtained and finally allowing the paint to dry. Of course, a further coat of paint can be applied when desired.

In refinishing and finishing surfaces with the present method, it is preferable to prepare the surface in the manner that is common for ordinary painting. That is, it is desirable to sand the surface lightly to remove rough edges and to Wipe the surface clean to remove dust and greasy spots. However, no special priming coat or other preparation is required.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle for the principal pigment is an oil-modified alkyd resin. According to this aspect of the invention, the base paint i.e., the principal pigment, vehicle and usual paint additives may be a typical alkyd paint. The alkyd resin vehicle, as is usual in such paints is ordinarily a phthalate ester resin such as the alkyd resin obtained by reacting phthalic anhydride with a polyol, such as glycerol or sorbitol which is then further reacted and modified with a drying oil. The alkyd resin vehicle may contain any other polyol ester resin generally used for alkyd paint, such as maleic acid esters. The modifying oils are drying oils commonly used in paint compositions for example linseed oil, soybean oil, tall oil, castor oil, soya-tung oil, and safflower oil. Soybean oil modified alkyd resins are particularly preferred vehicles for the principal pigment, according to the present invention.

Short-, medium-, and long-oil modified alkyd resins may be used in the base alkyd paint composition of this invention.

The principal pigment in the base paint may include a white pigment to provide the necessary opacity. Titanium dioxide (TiO is the preferred white pigment, however, any conventional white pigment compatible with oil modified alkyd resins may be used, including for example ZnO, ZnS, and BaSO The base paint may also contain any tinting pigment compatible with the paint vehicle. For alkyd base paints such tinting pigment may include for example phthalo blue, phthalo green, chrome yellow, iron oxide, burnt amber, and the like. Thus, by the use of one or more tinting colors, the base paint may be substantially any color desired.

As is common in paints, a suspending agent is used to maintain a suspension of the pigments in the vehicle. Any suspending agent commonly used with the paint vehicle may be used in the present paint composition. In alkyd paints in particular, clays such as montmorillonite clay, heavy bodied oil and lecithin are among the materials used as suspending agents. The suspending agent is usually present in an amount of about 3 to pounds per hundred gallons of final paint.

Other ingredients commonly present in paints may also be present in the base paint of the paint composition of this invention. For example, pigment extenders such as talc, aluminum silicate, and calcium carbonate may be included in the present paint composition.

Both aromatic and aliphatic solvents, for example xylol, mineral spirits, naphthol and the like, in which the paint vehicle is soluble may be used. The final paint ordinarily contains about 5.0 to 30.0% by volume of solvent.

Catalysts which accelerate the drying of the final paint film may also be included in the present paint composition. These catalysts are well known in the art and include the salts of various metals such as cobalt, magnesium, calcium, lead, zirconium, and iron salts. The catalyst chosen as well as the amount thereof which ranges from about 0.002 to about 0.8% by Weight based on the total vehicle solids is varied depending on the properties desired in the resulting film and the nature of the vehicle.

Anti-oxidants which prevent the formation of skin in the liquid paint during storage such as methyl ketoxine may also be included in the present paint. Such material is commonly employed in an amount of about 0.1%.

While alkyd base paints are preferred, other types of paint may also be used as the base paint of this invention. For example latex base paints may be used wherein the vehicle may be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene styrene, acrylics etc. In addition various oleoresinous base paints may be used including alkyd amine, alkyd phenolic, alkyd silicone, alkyd urea, styrenated alkyd, acrylic, bituminous, chlorinated polyether, chlorinated polypropylene, fluorocarbon (air-dried), furane, phenolic, polyamide (nylon), polyester, polyethylene, chlorinated rubber, neoprene, hypalon, viton, silicone, urethane, vinyl, vinyl alkyd, nitrocellulose, butyrate, ethyl cellulose, epoxy amine, epoxy ester, epoxy furane, epoxy melamine, epoxy phenolic, and epoxy urea types.

Any of the additives commonly used with the above base paints may be used in the present paint composition. With a latex base paint, for example there may be used mildewcide, antifoam agent, a freeze thaw stabilizer such as ethylene glycol, a pH stabilizer if needed and a corrosion inhibitor. Certain pigment dispersants such as potassium tripolyphosphate or a non-ionic dispersant such as Tamol 73 1-25 (Rohm & Haas) or equivalent may also be included. A protective colloid and thickener solu tion such as hydroxyethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose is commonly employed. For essential film formation a coalescing agent e.g., butyl carbital acetate or a 12 carbon alcohol may be used.

The secondary pigment is dispersed in a carrier which in the liquid state is physically incompatible with the liquid vehicle of the base paint. Thus, when the secondary pigment contained as a dispersion in carrier is mixed thoroughly and dispersed throughout the base paint composition, the secondary pigment itself does not enter the paint composition because it is coated with a material which is not penetrated by the vehicle of the base paint. The secondary pigment is released from the carrier only by special stress as by the application of pressure. Accordingly, the carrier for the secondary pigment is one which is substantially immiscible with the vehicle of the principal pigment.

It has been found that oil-modified alkyd resins which have been additionally copolymerized with an unsaturated polymerizable monomer, acting as a cross-linking agent, such as styrene and vinyl toluene are particularly desirable carriers for the secondary pigment. The copolymerized and cross-linked type of oil-modified alkyd resin which is substantially incompatible with the vehicle of the base paint forms a coating around the particles of secondary pigment, and this coating is neither dissolved nor penetrated by the base paint by ordinary handling, including agitation by stirring and shaking.

Other resin carriers for the secondary pigment may be used providing only that the resins form a protective coating around the secondary pigment which is not readily penetrated by the vehicle of the base paint but which releases the secondary pigment when pressure is applied. For example, with a latex base paint oleoresinous carriers may be used for forming the dispersion of secondary pigment.

In practice, the secondary pigment is dispersed in about 0.5 part of resin to about 3 parts of resin per part of pigment and just enough solvent to give a mixture of workable consistency. Most preferably, about 1.5 to 2.5 parts of resin per part of pigment are used, to Which is added about 1 to 3 parts of solvent. The usual solvents for the carrier, or mixtures thereof, such as naphtha and xylol may be employed. The pigment is thoroughly dispersed throughout the resin-solvent mixture by means such as a ball mill or a roller mill.

The resulting mixture which is very viscous is then mixed with the basic alkyd paint by means of a slow agitating mixer such as a post mixer or pony mixer which dispenses the secondary pigment in its carrier throughout the alkyd paint. Due to the resin coating which surrounds the pigment particles, the pigment itself does not mix with the base paint nor does it change the color thereof. Thus, the final paint mixture looks substantially the same as the alkyd paint prior to the addition of the secondary pigment.

The secondary pigment remains in suspension in the base paint once it has been dispersed thoroughly, due to the presence in the base paint of the suspending agent. That is, suspending agents such as clay, which stabilize the suspension of the principal pigment in the base paint, also stabilize the suspension of the secondary pigment contained in the carrier.

The secondary pigment is released from its carrier only by the application of pressure. When the paint composition is applied to a surface, the principal pigment forms a continuous layer, and the secondary pigment becomes visible only on the application of additional stress, especially pressure stress to the wet paint, whereupon the carrier coating is separated from the secondary pigment which then appears on the surface of the paint.

The amount of the mixture of secondary pigment and 1 carrier added to the base alkyd paint may vary from about 0.5 gallon to gallons of the dispersion of secondary pigment per hundred gallons of paint base. Usually the mixture of secondary pigment has a viscosity which is about 10 times greater than the viscosity of the base paint.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use of a black pigment as the secondary pigment. Particularly attractive grained effects can be obtained by combining a black secondary pigment with other colors. When the base paint is tinted with a brown, and the secondary pigment is black, finishes which look just like natural wood may be obtained simply by applying a single coat of the paint and then stroking the wet paint in the direction of the desired wood grain. Further, an almost infinite variety of colors with an antique appearance may be obtained by means of the present invention. The tinting colors may be added either prior to or after the resin coated secondary pigment has been dispersed in the base paint. Carbon black is a particularly preferred black pigment due to its high oil absorption, however, other black pigments such as lamp black, iron black and bone black may be used.

The following examples illustrate the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention, however, these examples must not be construed as limiting the invention in any manner whatsoever.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of dispersion of secondary pigment in resin Carbon black in an amount of 125 parts is mixed with 200 parts of an alkyd-copolymer type resin sold by Allied Chemical under the name of Plaskon 3803 (an alkyd resin containing phthalic anhydride-glycol resin and maleic acid ester resin modified with linseed oil and vinyl toluene), and 675 parts of a solvent containing 200 parts of VM&P naphtha, 135 parts of xylol and 340 parts of high flash naphtha to form a slurry. The slurry is then worked on a roller mill until the carbon black has been uniformly dispersed in the resin.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of paint which produces a grained and antique effect A base paint is prepared by mixing the following ingredients:

Approx. PVC 20%.

(PVC is the pigment volume concentration, i.e., volume of pigment-z-volume of pigment+volume of vehicle solids.)

One hundred gallons of this base paint is blended with gal. of the dispersion of carbon black in resin prepared in Example 1 by means of a pony mixer, until the secondary pigment resin mixture is uniformly mixed throughout the base paint.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of paint which produces a grained antique effect A base paint is prepared by mixing the following ingredients: Material:

Titanium calcium pigment (70% calcium sulphate) 400 lbs.

E Whiting (5 micron type)--75 lbs. ZnO10 lbs. Aluminum stearate2.5 lbs. Alkyd fiat liquid (40% N.V.)-36 gals. Long oil alkyd (70% N.V.)25 gals. Total thinners, driers, antioxidant-10 gals. Approx. PVC 39%.

One hundred gallons of the above alkyd base paint is blended with 15 gallons of the dispersion of carbon in resin prepared in Example 1, by means of pony mixer, until the mixture of resin and secondary pigment is uniformly mixed in the base paint.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of paint which produces a grained, antique effect A base paint is prepared by mixing the following ingredients Material:

TiOl 65 lbs. Precipitated Whiting-3 lbs. Litharge-1.4 lbs. Aluminum stearate (high acid)3.5 lbs. Bodied dehydrated castor-linseed oil (40:60:50 mineral spirits)34.4 gal. Ester gum cut (60% non-vol.)-l0.9' gal. Kerosene3.4 gal. Mineral spirits-24.2 gal. 6% Cobalt Tallate.3 gal. Approx. PVC 48.5%.

One hundred gallons of the above base paint is blended with 10 gals. of the dispersion of carbon in resin prepared in Example 1, by means of a pony mixer, until a uniform mixture is obtained.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of dispersion of secondary pigment in resin Iron oxide in an amount of 150 parts is mixed with 200 parts of a styrene-alkyd resin sold under the name of ARAPOL 865-YT-50 by Archer Daniels Midland and 675 parts of a solvent containing 200 parts of VM&P naphtha, parts of xylol and 340 parts of high flash naphtha. The slurry is Worked on a roller mill until the iron oxide has been uniformly dispersed.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of paint which produces a grained and antique effect One hundred gallons of the base paint prepared in Example 2 is blended with 10 gallons of the dispersion of secondary pigment prepared in Example 5, until the uniform mixture is obtained.

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of paint which produces a grained and antique effect One hundred gallons of the base paint of Example 4 is blended with 10 gallons of the dispersion of secondary pigment prepared in Example 6, until the mixture is uniform throughout.

By a single application of the paint prepared in the preceding examples, attractively, grained and antique finishes may be obtained by applying the paint to a surface and then applying pressure to bring out the desired degree of graining while the paint is wet.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A method for obtaining a painted surface with a grained eifect which comprises applying to a surface a paint containing a suspension of the principal pigment in a paint vehicle and a suspension in said paint vehicle of a secondary pigment mixed and coated with resin, the mixture of secondary pigment and resin being substantially incompatible with said paint vehicle whereby a continuous coating of the primary pigment is obtained, then causing at least a portion of said secondary pigment to come to the surface by applying pressure to the painted surface while the paint thereon is wet, and allowing said paint to dry.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said pressure is applied to said paint by stroking the wet paint with a brush.

3. A method according to claim 1 in which said paint vehicle is principally an oil-modified alkyd resin and said resin coating said secondary pigment is an oil-modified alkyd resin which has been copolymerized with an unsaturated polymerizable monomer.

4. A paint composition useful for obtaining finished surfaces having a grained and antique appearance which comprises a base paint containing a paint vehicle, a suspension of principal pigment, and a suspension of a secondary pigment mixed and coated with a resin carrier substantially incompatible with said paint vehicle, said mixture of resin and secondary pigment also being substantially incompatible with said paint vehicle, the color of said paint composition being determined by said principal pigment and being substantially unchanged by the presence of said resin-coated secondary pigment.

5. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said base paint is an alkyd paint, said paint vehicle is principally an oil-modified alkyd resin and said resin coating said secondary pigment is an oil-modified alkyd resin which has been copolymerized with an unsaturated polymerizable monomer.

6. A paint composition according to claim 5 in which said secondary pigment is a black pigment.

7. A paint composition according to claim 5 in which said secondary pigment is carbon black.

8. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said paint vehicle is principally an oil-modified alkyd resin vehicle and said resin coating said secondary pigment is an oil-modified alkyd resin which has been copolymerized with vinyl toluene.

9. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said paint vehicle is principally an oil-modified alkyd resin vehicle and said resin coating said secondary pigment is an oil modified alkyd resin which has been copolymerized with styrene.

10. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said mixture of secondary pigment and resin is present in an amount of 0.5 to 100 gallons per 100 gallons of base paint, and in which said mixture of secondary pigment contains about 0.5 to 3 parts of resin per part of secondary pigment.

11. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said base paint is selected from the group consisting of latex paint and oleoresinous paint.

12. A paint composition according to claim 4 in which said base paint is an alkyd paint.

13. A method of obtaining the paint composition defined in claim 4 which comprises:

(a) forming a base paint containing a suspension of a principal pigment in a paint vehicle,

(b) dispersing a secondary pigment in resin substantially immiscible with said paint vehicle and just enough solvent to form a workable mixture of said resin and said secondary pigment,

(c) mixing said base paint and the dispersion of secondary pigment in said resin by slow agitation to form a heterogeneous suspension of the mixture of a secondary pigment and resin in said base paint whereby the secondary pigment-resin mixture is dispersed throughout the base paint and whereby the secondary pigment has substantially no effect on the color of the base paint due to the resin coating thereon.

14. A method according to claim 13 in which said secondary pigment is dispersed in an alkyd resin-solvent mixture by being worked on a mill.

15. A method according to claim 13 in which said base paint is an alkyd paint and said resin is an oil modified alkyd resin copolymerized with an unsaturated polymerizable hydrocarbon.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,388,301 11/1945 Waldie 260-22 2,544,622 3/1951 Ulmer et al. 117-41 2,671,063 3/1954 Waldie 117-41 2,722,485 11/1955 Jensen et al. 106308 2,982,670 5/1961 Jefi 117-41 3,097,105 7/1963 Edmonds 117-41 3,328,231 6/ 1967 Sergovic 260-40 3,415,670 12/1968 McDonald 260-40 3,436,367 4/ 1969 McInerney 260-40 3,393,162 7/1968 Cox et al. 260-4 3,469,439 9/1969 Roberts 73-88 DONALD E. CZAJA, Primary Examiner R. W. GRIFFIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

106191, 195, 197R, 308M; 117-39, 147, 148, 161K, 1 61KP, 161P, l6lUA, 161UF, 161ZA, l61ZB, 1'63, 165; 260-23P, 33.6A, 33.6EP, 33.6F, 33:6PQ, 33.6SB, 33.6UB, 37R, 375B; 37EP, 37N, 40R 

